Jews of Tunisia

The Jewish presence in Tunisia dates back to the second century BCE, with historical records highlighting the Jews’ integration into Islamic society and their significant role in trade and craftsmanship. In the eighteenth century, the arrival of Iberian Jews from Livorno divided the community into two groups: the Twansa (Tunisian Jews) and the Grana (Jews of Livornese origin, who enjoyed greater privileges). During the French protectorate (1881–1956), Tunisian Jews experienced significant social progress, gaining access to new professions and modern education. However, mass emigration began after World War II, spurred by the creation of the State of Israel and Tunisian independence. Today, the Tunisian Jewish diaspora is primarily concentrated in France and Israel, with a reduced presence in their country of origin. Despite this dispersion, the community preserves a rich cultural heritage, evident in its language, music, and cuisine. Although relations with the Muslim population are generally peaceful, occasional terrorist attacks have sometimes strained coexistence.